Powering a Texas Data Center: High-Voltage Transformer Construction, Transportation and Installation

Two Quanta Services operating companies—Pennsylvania Transformer Technology and Mercer Technical Services—teamed up to deliver and install a major power transformer at a new Texas data center site. This is the last of four identical high-voltage transformers Pennsylvania Transformer Technology built for the project, and from the factory floor to the rails to final set on the pad, it took precision, coordination, and a lot of heavy lifting.

"This project presented many challenges, but the support from Mercer and my team at PTT made another successful project completion possible," said William Butler, PTT project manager and sales engineer.

Transformer Project Snapshot

Client / end use New Texas data center site
Project lead Pennsylvania Transformer Technology (Canonsburg, PA)
Equipment High-voltage power transformer (last of four identical units)
Rating 135 / 180 / 225 MVA • 138 – 34.5 kV • 3-phase • 60 Hz
Approx. weight 370,545 lbs (shipping weight, without oil)
Rail distance ~1,375 miles, then ~11 miles by truck to the pad
Transport & set Mercer Technical Services (A Quanta Services Company)

The challenge: moving a 370,000-pound power transformer

Moving four 370,000-plus-pound transformers about 1,375 miles from PTT's Canonsburg, Pennsylvania plant to Texas meant crossing three separate railroads before the final road move. With the site still under construction, tight conditions left no straight path to the pad, ruling out a simple parallel set. 

The approach: integrated rail logistics and heavy-haul rigging

The team paired long-haul rail with specialized heavy-haul rigging. The unit moved by rail into Texas — tracked end to end by a rail expeditor — then transloaded to over-the-road transport. Because restricted access let the self-propelled modular transport (SPMT) approach only perpendicular to the foundation, a turntable rotated the unit 90 degrees; counterweights offset the shipping center of gravity, and a jack-and-slide system made the final set in one controlled move.

The result: final transformer set on plan

Each transformer was successfully positioned and set on its designated foundation, completing the fourth and final unit of the project. From engineering and manufacturing to rail transport, transloading, heavy-haul logistics and final installation, every phase was completed according to plan through close coordination between Pennsylvania Transformer Technology and Mercer Technical Services. The completed installation adds critical power capacity to support the reliable operation of the new Texas data center

three-phase 15/20/25/28 MVA ONAN/ONAF/ONAF power transformers
Inside the transformer: data center power transformer capabilities

Purpose-built for the continuous, high-density loads of modern data centers: three-phase, two-winding, oil-immersed units built and tested to the latest IEEE C57 standards.  

Ratings and configuration: three-phase, oil-immersed substation transformer

Outdoor, continuous-duty, oil-immersed step-down units in a Dyn1 configuration with a solidly grounded LV neutral. Across the fleet, ratings span roughly 60–600 MVA and 69–345 kV high side, stepping down to a 34.5 kV bus. Windings run in ASTM D3487 mineral oil, with impedance set at 8.5–9.5%.  

Voltage regulation: load tap changer (LTC) and de-energized tap changer

An automatic load tap changer (LTC) — a Reinhausen RMV-II vacuum unit on a Beckwith 2001D controller — holds bus voltage steady with ±10% regulation across 32 steps and a 500,000-operation rating. A five-position de-energized tap changer (DETC) adds ±5% on the HV winding at commissioning.  

Cooling system: staged ONAN/ONAF forced-air cooling

A staged ONAN/ONAF1/ONAF2 system raises capacity as fans engage, holding top-oil and winding rise to 65°C and hot-spot rise to 80°C. Radiators are individually valved, so any one can be serviced without removing the unit from service.

Core, windings, and insulation: low-loss, thermally upgraded design

The core uses grain-oriented silicon-steel laminations (1.87 T max flux at 110% voltage) for low loss; windings are electrolytic copper insulated with thermally upgraded (Dennison) paper rated to a 110°C hot-spot. Guaranteed no-load and load losses are independently verified, with penalties for exceeding quoted values.

Protection and monitoring: intelligent transformer monitoring and control

Protection and monitoring: intelligent transformer monitoring and control

  • Continuously monitors transformer temperature and winding conditions.
  • Controls cooling, alarms and SCADA communications automatically.
  • Detects internal faults and safely relieves excess pressure.
  • Protects insulating oil and verifies transformer health with DGA.
  • Provides integrated current sensing for protection and metering.
  • Shields the transformer from lightning and switching surges.

Testing and quality assurance: IEEE C57 factory acceptance testing

Low-loss, grain-oriented silicon-steel cores & thermally upgraded copper windings deliver efficient, reliable performance, with independently verified no-load & load losses.

  • Winding resistance, turns-ratio, & phase-relation across taps
  • No-load and load loss, impedance, & excitation current
  • Temperature-rise (heat-run) at minimum & max ratings
  • Dielectric: applied/induced voltage, lightning and switching impulse, partial discharge
  • Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) w/Doble 5300
  • Short-circuit strength & an eight-hour pressure test for leaks  

Key transformer specifications at a glance

Type Two-winding, three-phase, outdoor, oil-immersed, with LTC
Cooling ONAN / ONAF1 / ONAF2 (staged forced-air)
Coolant Mineral oil per ASTM D3487
Vector group Dyn1, low-voltage solidly grounded
Impedance 8.5–9.5% at rated MVA (HV–LV)
Temperature rise 65°C top-oil and winding; 80°C hot-spot limit
Load tap changer Reinhausen RMV-II vacuum, ±10% / 32 steps of 5/8%
Monitoring Qualitrol 509-100 ITM or SEL-2414; DNP3 to SCADA
Governing standards IEEE C57 series (C57.12.00, C57.12.90 and related)

Frequently asked questions about data center power transformers

What is a data center power transformer?

A substation transformer that steps high transmission voltage down to a distribution voltage a data center can use — here, 138 kV to a 34.5 kV bus, rated in the hundreds of MVA.

What does a load tap changer (LTC) do?

It adjusts the turns ratio while energized to hold output voltage steady as load changes; these units use a Reinhausen RMV-II vacuum LTC with ±10% regulation across 32 steps.

What does ONAN/ONAF cooling mean?

It adjusts the turns ratio while energized to hold output voltage steady as load changes; these units use a Reinhausen RMV-II vacuum LTC with ±10% regulation across 32 steps.

Four Transformer Project Partners

  • Tranmsformer Producer: Pennsylvania Transformer Technology (A Quanta Services Company)
  • Transport, heavy haul & rough set: Mercer Technical Services (A Quanta Services Company)

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